Cross-Border Strategies for Maximizing Returns Against Sovereign Debtors

More investors are taking their disputes against sovereign states and entities to arbitration and judicial forums, as governments increasingly intervene in economic affairs, and rising interest rates put pressure on sovereign debt.

However, there is a world of difference between demanding payment of a defaulted debt, judgment, or award from a sovereign and seeing the sovereign pay up. This can lead to a globe-spanning enforcement litigation made more difficult by a sovereign’s unique powers and privileges in most jurisdictions, including state immunity.

Investors should not be afraid to stand up to sovereign debtors with aggressive non-traditional strategies. The legal process is but one element of an effective strategy to ensure a sovereign award debtor agrees to a settlement:

1. Focus on Outcomes, Not Assets. Given the protections offered by sovereign immunity, creditors cannot always rely on conventional asset recovery solutions. Award holders should focus their resources on strategies most likely to cause the sovereign debtor to agree to (and follow through on) a debt settlement. They can also consider going beyond assets to pressure a sovereign debtor, such as striking alliances or impacting relationships with other government and quasi-government bodies such as the World Bank considering assistance to the country.

2. Preserve Assets with Interim Applications. Where available, discovery, charge orders, third-party debt orders or the appointment of a post-judgment receiver in key jurisdictions can be key to preserving the value of assets that have not yet matured or need to be managed by a third party. The mere act of seeking to appoint a receiver can also apply considerable pressure on a sovereign debtor to settle, given common cross-default terms in other debt and the prospect of future capital raises.

3. Remember: A Settlement is Not the Finish Line. A sovereign that incurred a large bond, loan, judgment, or award liability may be just as willing to renege on a settlement agreement. Crafting a settlement agreement that protects against these risks is key to securing a substantial return on one’s investment. In circumstances where the sovereign insists on deferring payments over time, creditors should consider security, consent judgments, choice of law and forum, and contractual receivers. Thinking ahead to the next default will help protect a hard-won victory.

For investors hoping a sovereign debtor will pay without a costly and lengthy fight, an unconventional cross-border enforcement strategy may increase their chances of achieving an acceptable settlement and significant return.

About Kobre & Kim

Kobre & Kim is a conflict-free global law firm focused on disputes and investigations, often involving fraud and misconduct. The firm:

• Acts on behalf of creditors to monetize high-value judgments and arbitration awards, with most of our matters involving awards and judgments with face values of US $100 million+ to several billion USD.
• Has extensive experience handling arbitration award and judgment enforcement matters against sovereign governments and related entities, and understands the unique issues and opportunities in such enforcement campaigns.
• Is able to act in jurisdictions across North and South America, EMEA, Asia, and key offshore financial centers in cases involving closely coordinated, cross-border proceedings.