Insights

• International investors and other claimants have long struggled to enforce cross-border claims in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the wider Middle East.
• A 2024 precedent-setting decision in Dubai's High Court, secured by Kobre & Kim and local co-counsel, shows another avenue for global creditors to battle recalcitrant debtors and increase their chances of a swift and significant recovery on their cross-border claims.

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• Kobre & Kim currently represents ConocoPhillips in its efforts to enforce over US $10 billion in judgments and arbitration awards against the Republic of Venezuela and related state-owned entities. 
• A recent victory in the U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals has cleared a path for ConocoPhillips to enforce a judgment recognizing an ICSID award against Venezuela's state-owned oil company's shares in its Delaware subsidiary. 
• This victory shows how the "alter ego" theory can be used as an effective leverage point against a recalcitrant sovereign debtor, increasing claimant chances of achieving favorable returns.

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• Creditors and investors in sovereign debt are riding a wave of new opportunities driving returns with global public debt projected to exceed US$100 trillion by the end of 2024, making it possible to reap higher returns on claims against sovereigns previously thought too difficult to enforce.
• A well-thought-out strategy can increase returns and accelerate enforcement timelines.

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• On October 22, England’s Court of Appeal dismissed the Kingdom of Spain’s challenge to enforce a US $109 million arbitral award in favor of Kobre & Kim’s client.
• Despite Spain’s arguments asserting state immunity, Lord Justice Phillips interpreted the 1965 ICSID Convention.

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• As geopolitical tensions pressure sovereign debt, more investors are taking their disputes against sovereign states and entities to arbitration and judicial forums. There is a world of difference between demanding payment of a defaulted debt, judgment, or award from a sovereign and seeing the sovereign pay up.
• Meanwhile, Chinese private investors have become more prominent in sovereign-related investments through acquisitions, joint ventures, and infrastructure projects in Europe, Africa and Latin America.
• Investors and other claimants should not be afraid to stand up to sovereign debtors with aggressive non-traditional strategies.

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• Commercial parties worldwide have long struggled to enforce cross-border arbitration awards and judgments in the Middle East.
• However, recent decisions of the UAE courts have signaled that the tides may be turning more in creditors’ favor. which can inform how they may approach enforcement against a sovereign debtor.
• Our team explains recent updates advancing cross-border judgment enforcement efforts in the region.

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• Over the past few years, Kobre & Kim has successfully enforced cross-border judgments and arbitration awards collectively valued valued in the hundreds of millions of US dollars.
• Many of the firm’s engagements have involved judgments and awards valued in the billions or even tens of billions of US dollars.  
• Large monetary judgments or awards cannot be successfully enforced by a strategy that solely focuses on pursuing assets worldwide.

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• International investors and other claimants have long struggled to enforce cross-border claims in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the wider Middle East.
• Debtors frequently deploy tactics such as fraudulent conveyance to transfer their assets out of reach.
• A recent precedent-setting decision in Dubai’s High Court, secured by Kobre & Kim and local co-counsel, shows another avenue for global creditors to battle recalcitrant debtors and increase their chances of a swift and significant recovery on their cross-border claims.

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• More investors are taking their disputes against sovereign states and entities to arbitration and judicial forums.
• However, demanding payment of a defaulted debt, judgment or award does not always lead to the sovereign paying up.
• We explore aggressive non-traditional strategies investors should deploy to ensure a sovereign debtor agrees to a settlement.

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• Deals and partnerships between Latin American and Chinese companies are growing as economic ties between the two regions deepen.
• However, unique risks are involved if a dispute arises with the Chinese company – the Chinese legal system could create barriers to payment, even with an award or judgment in hand.
• Latin American companies and investors should consider cross-border strategies to increase their leverage.

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• For international investors and companies, winning an arbitration award against a sovereign state marks just the beginning of a lengthy, globe-spanning enforcement campaign.
• To make a greater impact on the enforcement process, award holders should not be afraid to use more creative approaches.
• A recent Kobre & Kim victory demonstrates how this approach can put legitimate pressure on sovereign debtors and bring them to the negotiating table.

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• International creditors are seeing more opportunities in the United Arab Emirates and wider Middle East as courts continue to signal openness to recognizing and enforcing overseas judgments.
• This includes overcoming a fraudulent conveyance, as a UAE court recently decided in what may be an unprecedented judgment in favor of a judgment holder represented by Kobre & Kim.
• The judgment demonstrates that there are a rapidly growing number of creditor tools available in the region to combat recalcitrant debtors.

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• It is commonly assumed that it is difficult and impractical to enforcement judgments in the United Arab Emirates.
• However, this is increasingly untrue – even when no bilateral enforcement treaty exists, creditors can obtain recognition of their common law judgments.
• A recent Kobre & Kim case shows how that can happen.

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• More investors are taking their disputes against sovereign states and entities to arbitration and judicial forums.
• However, demanding payment of a defaulted debt, judgment or award does not always lead to the sovereign paying up.
• We explore aggressive non-traditional strategies investors should deploy to ensure a sovereign debtor agrees to a settlement.

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• Winning an arbitral award often marks the beginning of a long and costly global enforcement campaign for international investors, especially against a sovereign state.
• To speed up a settlement, investors should take a bold stand against sovereigns, leveraging international treaty protections.
• A recent landmark win against the Kingdom of Spain shows one way for investors.

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